asked the Minister for Foreign Affairs if he has taken action in relation to the recent actions of the South African Government against critics of apartheid; and if he has any further proposals to oppose apartheid doctrines and practices.

Belgium acting on behalf of the nine countries of the European Community made a démarche last week to South Africa protesting at the recent bannings of organisations and individuals in South Africa. Ireland was fully associated with this protest. Furthermore, the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs speaking at the opening of a seminar organised by the Irish anti-apartheid movement on the churches, racialism and South Africa voiced the Government's dismay at the most recent efforts to stifle legitimate protest in South Africa.

Obviously there is little that Ireland acting alone can do to bring pressure to bear on the South African regime to secure change in its apartheid policy. We do, however, support the concept of concerted action through the international forum of the United Nations Organisation.

As the Deputy is no doubt aware the Government have come out in support of a UN Security Council decision in favour of a mandatory arms embargo against South Africa and we are hopeful that such a decision will shortly be made.

Amongst the nine, discussions are continuing with the aim of using the economic weight of the Community to secure change in South Africa. The nine have already agreed on a code of conduct for companies of the nine with subsidiaries, branches or representation in South Africa. The recent actions of the South African Government, will no doubt add a new momentum and urgency to the present discussions.

Can the Minister say how many Irish nationals are in South Africa?

Deputy Browne wishes to ask a question.

What position did we take up in the UN on the African nations' request that we should introduce economic sanctions against South Africa?

We have taken the stance that as far as economic sanctions are concerned that is a matter that will have to be resolved on a universal basis in order to be effective. It has been our consistent stance that unless we all come together on this it will not be effective. If there is a situation where some nations impose economic sanctions and some do not it is wide open to abuse.

Would the Minister answer my question? What position did we take up on the African nations' request for economic sanctions against South Africa?

That seems to be a different question.

My stance is clear. We are in favour of such sanctions if everybody agrees.

Economic sanctions?

Yes, if everybody agrees to apply them but heretofore that has not been the case. Unless there is agreement the sanctions will not be effective.

May I take it that we back the African nations?

Yes, on the achievement of a universal committed economic sanction.

Does the Minister know how many Irish nationals are in South Africa, and does he propose to take any steps to discourage emigration to South Africa?

I do not know how many we have in South Africa at the moment. All I can do is reiterate our abhorrence of the whole apartheid system.